This is
going to be an ambitious piece that will most likely be one of my lesser read
posts, but I wanna try to just capture how all of training and nutrition
“works” in a rapid blitzkrieg (tapping into the German there with Nietzsche) of
brain vomit. So enjoy that.
WHAT IS A PROGRAM?
Gonna see this theme a LOT today |
A program is
NOT a routine. A routine is just
something we do on a regular schedule.
It does not build toward anything.
We brush our teeth as part of a routine: we’re not hoping to gradually
build up from 1 minute to 40 minutes of brushing. We’re simply doing it to MAINTAIN
health. A program is also not a workout:
a workout is a singular part OF a program.
A program BUILDS toward a goal.
In turn, a program must have some manner of progression established
within it. This doesn’t need to be ultra
nerdy and mathematical and charted by spreadsheets, but there must be SOME
manner of climbing toward something.
In that
regard, we have Nietzsche’s “Will to Power” at play, in that the program is a
manifestation of our inherent drive to overcome and exercise our power over
that which stands in front of us. And
again, this can be a codified expression of that will, employing 5/3/1’s TM
progression or Super Squats “5lbs more each workout”, or you can employ the max
effort method and simply achieve maximal strain, or you can employ a rate of
perceived exertion, but in either case, the Will to Power is at play, and in
following that will (no life denying philosophy allowed!), we progress.
But
furthermore: what IS a program? A
program is simply a structured methodology balancing stimulus and fatigue. That’s the razor’s edge of progression:
enough stimulus to trigger growth, without too much fatigue to halt it. The scales require balance (duality?!). If we have too much fatigue, it does not
matter how much stimulus we have: we will not grow. Alternatively, if we do not have enough
stimulus, it does not matter how much fatigue we manage: we will not grow.
Check out all that fatigue being managed!
Fundamentally,
this is why new trainees are told to follow an established program: someone
ELSE has done the stimulus to fatigue balancing FOR us. And, in true cookie-cutter fashion: it will
be one-size-fits-all, aiming for an idealized middleground of success…for the
most part. Many argue that popular
Bulgarian training, with multiple training sessions operating near max, was
used as a “sorting out” program, wherein, those that SURVIVED the program
demonstrated that they had the necessary genetics blessing to be Olympic champs
in the first place. It was designed to
intentionally break average people so that only the above-average would remain,
similar to special forces selection…but I’m getting off task there.
This is
because new trainees are just going to be plain awful at figuring out this
balance. Often, it’s a weird grab bag
where they won’t employ enough stimulus on the “money making” exercises (heavy
compounds), will blow their load on small assistance work like forearms curls
and ab work, and then train too often, limiting their ability to actually push
hard enough in the gym in the first place.
Pair this with awful nutrition and terrible sleep and they just spin
their wheels for months. This is why I’m
such a big fan of “Super Squats”: it gives you a training program that sorts
out all that stuff AND the nutritional advice to recover.
So do you NEED
a program in order to succeed? Not
necessarily one developed by someone else, no.
We need an approach to progression, alongside a way to balance stimulus
to grow with fatigue. Experience is one
of the best ways to develop all of that, and one of the best ways to GET that
experience is to run a bunch of established programs so we can see how we
respond to certain approaches: physically AND psychologically. And, of course, if you can get a coach to
personally tailor an approach that fits you, that’s cool too…so I’ve heard.
STIMULUS
It's why I do so many bear complexes
“That which
does not kill me only makes me stronger”.
Once again: Nietzsche had it figured out. The Will to Power that exists in our bodies
makes it such that our bodies have a propensity to attempt to grow in response
to trauma. The body encounters
resistance, if said resistance does not kill the body, it seems to overcome
this resistance. It does so by making
the necessary adaptations to do so. In
our case: it makes its muscles bigger, as a bigger muscle is a stronger
muscle.
And this is
ALL stimulus is. People get so wrapped
up on THIS part of the process of achieving physical transformation, when
really, you can boil it down to going into the training facility and putting
yourself through extensive physical trauma that does NOT kill you, giving you
an opportunity to be made stronger.
However, in order to create an environment wherein the process of
becoming stronger occurs, stimulus must be met with recovery, and fatigue must
be managed.
RECOVERY
Hey look: recovery! |
Food is
absolutely the most anabolic substance on the planet. Gains are made of food. All tissue growth is a result of food. This cannot be overstated. If you take ALL the steroids, train ALL the
training, sleep ALL the sleep, take ALL the ice baths, etc etc, but do not eat
enough food to support growth: you will NOT grow. Your body does not possess alchemical
abilities to create out of nothingness.
I say that
because SO many trainees are absolutely terrified of food. Specifically, they are terrified of eating
“too much”. In the game of physical
transformation, this is essentially fear of being “too successful”. It’s worth appreciating that I’m writing
purely from the perspective of building muscle here. I’ll circle back and discuss fat loss briefly,
as that’s not really a complicated subject, but if our goal is to subject our
body to enough stimulus to not quite kill it, we must THEN make it our goal to
eat enough food that the “makes me stronger” part of the process can occur. If we do our best to eat just BARELY enough
to facilitate that process, we run the risk of erring on the wrong side of this
caution, and PREVENT ourselves from actually recovering and growing
stronger. Meanwhile, a trainee that engages
in gluttony will more than cover this base of recovery. Once again: no life-denying philosophy here,
AND no room for “slave morality” either.
The 7 deadly sins were created to limit the slave class: the masters are
gluttons (once again: Nietzsche’s words, don’t get too worked up here).
And while
we’re on those sins: sure, go for sloth too.
I’m not a great sleeper, but sleep and rest are absolutely awesome for
recovery…but remember we are sloths OUTSIDE the training space. Inside, perhaps some wrath is necessary
instead?
FATIGUE MANAGEMENT
This man taught SO many people how to manage fatigue...only for them to completely ignore it and say the program didn't have enough volume |
“He who
fights with monsters should look to it that he himself does not become a
monster”. Too much time fighting your body with stimulus and not enough time
managing your fatigue is how one fails in this pursuit. There are many strategies available to manage
fatigue. The simplest one is a scheduled
deload.
Before I go
further, a deload does NOT mean resetting your weights and starting over
again. I’m not sure who starting that
trend, but it’s been SO damaging to the discussion of training.
A deload is
simply a period of time where we reduce training stress. This can be done by either reducing the
weight that we move in training, or the volume of training. You can even simply just take a week
off. However you go about it, the point
is to spend some time NOT training to your limits. IF you train, you’re simply
doing so in order to maintain skill/proficiency in the lift, because, quite
frequently, when someone comes back from time away from training and finds out
they are “weaker”, they are simply detrained in the movement. Lifting weights is a physical skill, and
physical skills require maintenance, just like playing an instrument, throwing
a ball, riding a bike, etc. In that
regard, the longer you spend lifting, the more time you can spend AWAY from
lifting and not lose the skill, whereas, if you’re new to lifting, you might
take a week off and see your lifts drop immensely upon your return. Don’t sweat it: your body doesn’t know how
much weight it’s lifting only how hard it is struggling. Keep struggling and you’ll get stronger.
I like to
employ a scheduled deload, training hard for 6 weeks and then deload on the
7th. I’ve absolutely stolen that from
Jim Wendler. When I deload, I’ll spend
the entire week performing conditioning work and not do any sort of strength
training. I once did Dan John’s 10k
kettlebell swing challenge in 7 days during a deload. Yeah: that was an intense period of training,
but the loading on my body was minimal, which gave me time to recover from my
heavy training. And that’s the boon of a
deload and fatigue management in general: by NOT carrying excessive fatigue, we
can push the training harder. This is
why athletes will take downtime before the game/event: you train to a point of
overreaching, then you rest and recover so that, when you show up on gameday,
you give your BEST performance.
Other
avenues of fatigue management include auto-regulation within a training day
itself. Essentially, instead of
handcuffing yourself to fixed percentages, reps and sets, you evaluate how you
are feeling/performing THAT DAY and base your training on that. On good days, you reach far and dig deep, on
off days, you hit the bare minimum and live to fight another day. As Many Reps as Possible sets are a great
employment of this in a program, and 5/3/1 was cool in that it employed AMRAPs
AND Deloads in it. With the AMRAP set,
on good days you can really push hard, and if you’re having a bad day, you
could hit the bare minimum reps (5, 3 or 1 respectively) and call it a day. However, this requires a bit more
self-awareness and experience, which is why scheduled deloads tend to be the
preferred “cookie-cutter” approach to fatigue management. With the deload, you KNOW the trainee is
going to manage fatigue, whereas auto-regulation puts a lot of work on the
trainee.
PERIODIZATION:
ACCUMULATION AND INTENSIFICATION
Oh yeah: it's about to get nerdy |
“When you
gaze too long into the abyss the abyss also gazes into you”. We cannot gaze too long my friends: training
necessarily NEEDS to change in order to allow us to continue to grow, overcome,
and exercise our Will to Power. We
absolutely have the abyss gaze back into us otherwise.
Yeah, I
know: I’m really forcing the Nietzsche stuff, but I’m having fun. The point is: we can’t pursue one way of
training indefinitely. No one
successfully does that. Training needs
to be phasic, because life in and of itself is phasic. We have seasons, things are in a state of
constant change, and we too must be changing.
Hey, more Nietzsche stuff: we’re the bridge to the Overman.
This phasic
approach to training is known as periodization.
There is a LOT out there on that topic, so I’m going to just quickly
summarize.
To make a
muscle stronger, you make it bigger.
That’s it. Strength training IS
hypertrophy training. We KNOW this in an
instinctive lizardbrain level. This is
why, when you see a big animal, you are more afraid of it than a small one: you
KNOW that the bigger animal is stronger than the smaller one. It’s why, when you see a large muscular
human, you KNOW they are strong before you start “thinking” about how
bodybuilders are weaker than strength athletes (stop thinking: it doesn’t suit
you). In turn, this is why those very
strength athletes have an accumulation phase in their training: THAT is the
phase where we make our muscles bigger.
Accumulation
is essentially the “body by Nietzsche” I’ve been writing about up until this
point. It’s a phase of training wherein
we’re constantly trying to kill ourselves, “failing” at that, and, with enough
recovery and properly managed fatigue, growing stronger. This is traditionally accomplished by
employing higher training volumes, as this forces adaptations. “Volume” as a concept is a contentious issue,
and gets more like Tao than Nietzsche, in that anyone who has succeeded in
physical transformation “understands” volume, but as soon as you try to ascribe
words to it, it fails. I appreciate the
idea of “hard work sets” as a measurement of volume, BUT we’ve also observed
that a single set can have enough volume in it to drive significant growth so long
as that set is an absolute and total soul crusher (think Super Squats or Dogg
Crapp work). But, in the most
traditional sense, during accumulation, one is doing more sets and reps.
Intensification
is a phase of training wherein the intent is to display all that strength we
built in the accumulation phase. Because
of that, this style of training is often (mistakenly, in my opinion) referred
to as “strength training”, whereas accumulation would be “hypertrophy training”. During intensification, the intensity (duh)
of the lift increases, in this case meaning percentage of 1 rep max. Simply put: we’re lifting HEAVIER weights
than we did in accumulation. Why? Because lifting heavy weights is a skill in
and of itself, and during all that time we spent accumulating, we weren’t
lifting very heavy weights: so we lost that skill. Skills, thankfully, can be built/re-acquired
faster than muscle can be built, so often we can have longer accumulation
phases and shorter intensification phases.
A 3-4 week intensification phase isn’t unheard of in order to quickly
peak for an event. However, it’s worth
appreciating that, since the weight is going UP the volume has to go down. Once again, it’s a matter of balance, similar
to fatigue and stimulus. If we just
increase the intensity and keep the volume the same, we’ll most likely be
unable to recover, which prevents growth.
PHASIC EATING
Hey: it works |
I have written
at length about how bulking and cutting is so backwards as far as how most
trainees implement it, so let me just quickly rehash this. Food supports training: not the other way
around. Earlier we discussed how food as
an anabolic agent that supported recovery from training. In turn, one does not just start eating more
food when they want to get bigger and eat less when they want to get smaller:
instead, we employ phasic EATING to support our phasic training.
From here,
it suddenly makes SO much more sense. During
the accumulation block, our training volume is higher, meaning there is a
greater recovery demand placed upon us.
This requires us to eat MORE food.
That, in turn, drives us to grow bigger.
HOWEVER, we are “human, all too human” and, in turn, our body has limits.
Even Bruce Randall had to stop bulking at one point, because the demand placed
upon our body to eat, digest and pass all that food eventually becomes too
much, to say nothing of all the TIME we must spend on cooking and cleaning, to
say nothing of the absolute pounding our body is taking from that hard
training. This is where intensification
comes it: it allows us a BREAK from accumulation, yet we can still make progress
in training during this time, because now we to get to realize all that
strength we built. However, since the
volume drops during intensification, the food may drop as well. It doesn’t HAVE to, no, but if you were doing
accumulation correctly you’ll WANT it to drop: you will be DONE eating. This, in turn, results in the loss of fat
accumulated during the accumulation phase: a cut!
It's all so
simple: eating matches training, and training must be phasic, therefore, so is
eating.
FAT LOSS
As a fat kid in the 90s, this movie was my Rocky |
I spent SO much time discussing the building of muscle because, along
with being more interesting, it’s more nuanced compared to fat loss. Allow me to explain fat loss: eat less. That’s it.
When we eat less food, we lose fat.
In order to ensure a favorable distribution of fat lost compared to
muscle when eating less food, we do our best to eat a lot of protein (since muscle
is made from it) while also ensuring we are consuming enough fats to maintain
hormonal health. As long as you aren’t
really stupid with your nutrition, you should be able to manage that. When in doubt, I find meat, eggs and dairy a
good option.
As far as fat loss training goes, the one thing I appreciate about a
dedicated fat loss phase is you can pretty much train however you want, so long
as you’re training hard. Herein it’s
worth appreciating that by “train”, I’m referring to lifting. Don’t abandon lifting, train for an
ultramarathon and then wonder why you lost muscle. It’s worth appreciating what the intent of
the lifting IS now at this point.
Previously, we were on the Nietzsche “that which does not kill me makes
me stronger” approach, but now we’re simply reminding our body that there is
STILL a demand for all that muscle we built, and that it should prioritize the
saving of that tissue when it comes time to determine what to lose and what to
keep during periods of calorie restriction.
We no longer need a program, the training does not need to necessarily “build”
to anything: it is simply there as a matter of ensuring that what we HAVE built
does not get lost.
In turn, fat loss phases are a great time to experiment, try things out,
throw stuff against the wall and see what sticks. Fat loss is the “reward” for
all that accumulation, because it’s going to feel like a vacation to no longer
base your life around food and training.
However, again, exercise intelligence here: trying out a program
SPECIFICALLY intended to be one run during a period of weight gain is most
likely not going to go well. Save Super
Squats, Smolov, Building the Monolith, etc, for another day: maybe try out some
Crossfit WODs instead.
TO BE CONCLUDED?
This is already 3 times longer than the majority of blog posts I write,
and I haven’t even discussed conditioning yet, which is one of the topics I’m
most well known for. I’m going to cap it
for now and see how it trends, and if there is a demand for more (or if I
simply feel like writing more), I’ll throw that in there. This may honestly be the start of an e-book:
who knows. Hope you enjoyed!